Sermorelin Compound

SERMORELIN COMPOUND // REFERENCES

References and Sources

Every quantitative claim on this site maps to a numbered source below. Peer-reviewed studies, authoritative reviews, and the FDA 503A guidance, with DOIs and PubMed identifiers.

Back to the researchThe regulatory record

How to read this list

Citations are numbered in the order they are first referenced across the site. Bracketed markers such as [1] in the body text resolve to the matching entry here. Where a study is available on PubMed, the PMID and a direct link are given; DOIs are listed where assigned. The full reference list below is the canonical source register for this digest.

Primary studies and reviews

The pediatric efficacy, aging, and pharmacokinetic trials anchor the quantitative claims [1][2][3]. The mechanistic and physiologic basis is drawn from the editorial argument for a physiologic secretagogue [4], the neuroregulation review [8], the pulsatile-delivery study [9], and the autofeedback study [10]. The cognition and body-composition data come from the controlled GHRH-analog trial [6]. The regulatory record draws on the post-withdrawal clinical review [7] and the FDA 503A guidance [13]. Recent context comes from the 2025 GHRH-analog review [11] and the 2026 peptide reviews [14][15][16]. The Annals of Internal Medicine caution frames the anti-aging question [5]. Full entries appear in the reference register that follows.

On the strength and age of this evidence

Two features of this reference set are worth naming directly. First, the strongest human efficacy data for sermorelin itself are older — the pediatric and aging trials date to the 1990s [1][2] — while the most recent entries are reviews rather than new sermorelin trials [11][14][15][16]. Second, several of the headline body-composition and cognition figures come from work on the related stabilized analog tesamorelin rather than on native GHRH(1-29) [6], so they are cited here as GHRH-axis evidence and labeled as such in the body text. The reviews from 2025 and 2026 are included because they place sermorelin in the current GHRH-analog and regulatory landscape, and because they consistently stress that clinical-trial evidence for these peptides in anti-aging and musculoskeletal contexts remains limited [14][16]. Reading the dates alongside the findings is part of reading the record honestly.

  1. Thorner M, Rochiccioli P, Colle M, Lanes R, Grunt J, Galazka A, Landy H, Eengrand P, Shah S. Once daily subcutaneous growth hormone-releasing hormone therapy accelerates growth in growth hormone-deficient children during the first year of therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81(3):1189-96. ↗
  2. Corpas E, Harman SM, Pineyro MA, Roberson R, Blackman MR. Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone-(1-29) twice daily reverses the decreased GH and insulin-like growth factor-I levels in old men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;75(2):530-535. ↗
  3. Wilton P, Chardet Y, Danielson K, Widlund L, Gunnarsson R. Pharmacokinetics of growth hormone-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 and stimulation of growth hormone secretion in healthy subjects after intravenous or intranasal administration. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1993;388:10-15. ↗
  4. Walker RF. Sermorelin: a better approach to management of adult-onset growth hormone insufficiency? Clin Interv Aging. 2006;1(4):307-308. ↗
  5. Blackman MR. Use of growth hormone secretagogues to prevent or treat the effects of aging: not yet ready for prime time. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(9):677-9. ↗
  6. Baker LD, Barsness SM, Borson S, Merriam GR, Friedman SD, Craft S, Vitiello MV. Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone on cognitive function in adults with mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults: results of a controlled trial. Arch Neurol. 2012;69(11):1420-1429. (NCT00257712) ↗
  7. Yuen KC, Biller BM, Molitch ME, Cook DM. Clinical review: Is lack of recombinant growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone in the United States a setback or time to consider glucagon testing for adult GH deficiency? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(8):2702-2707. ↗
  8. Muller EE, Locatelli V, Cocchi D. Pathophysiology of the neuroregulation of growth hormone secretion in experimental animals and the human. Endocr Rev. 1998;19(6):717-797. ↗
  9. Vance ML, Kaiser DL, Evans WS, et al. The effect of pulsatile administration, continuous infusion, and diurnal variation on the growth hormone (GH) response to GH-releasing hormone in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986;63(4):872-878. ↗
  10. Massoud AF, et al. Growth hormone (GH) autofeedback on GH response to GH-releasing hormone. Role of free fatty acids and somatostatin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991;72(2):492-499. ↗
  11. Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, Steenblock C, Cai R, Sha W, Ghigo E, Hare JM, Bornstein SR, Schally AV. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025. ↗
  12. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Interim Policy on Compounding Using Bulk Drug Substances Under Section 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Guidance for Industry). Final guidance, January 2025. ↗
  13. Rahman OF, Lee SJ, Seeds WA. Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2026. ↗
  14. Renke G, Chinellato L. Therapeutic Peptides in Aesthetic, Metabolic and Endocrine Conditions: Effects, Safety, Clinical Applications, and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci. 2026. ↗
  15. Villegas Meza AD, et al. Injectable Peptides in Sports Medicine: A Structured Narrative Review of Evidence, Safety, and Antidoping Implications. JBJS Rev. 2026. ↗